命令行待办事项工具：增删改查、优先级标记、JSON持久化。
面向对象的成绩管理：多班级多学生、统计分析、文件存储。
爬取网页数据，解析提取信息，统计分析并生成报告。
"""
待办事项管理器
综合运用：列表、字典、函数、文件操作、JSON、异常处理
"""
import json
import os
TODO_FILE = "todos.json"
# === 数据层：文件读写 ===
def load_todos():
"""从JSON文件加载待办列表"""
if not os.path.exists(TODO_FILE):
return []
try:
with open(TODO_FILE, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
return json.load(f)
except (json.JSONDecodeError, IOError):
print("⚠️ 数据文件损坏，重新开始")
return []
def save_todos(todos):
"""保存待办列表到JSON文件"""
with open(TODO_FILE, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
json.dump(todos, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
# === 业务层：操作函数 ===
def add_todo(todos, title, priority="中"):
"""添加待办事项"""
todo = {
"id": len(todos) + 1,
"title": title,
"priority": priority,
"done": False
}
todos.append(todo)
save_todos(todos)
print(f"✅ 已添加: [{priority}] {title}")
def list_todos(todos):
"""列出所有待办事项"""
if not todos:
print("📭 暂无待办事项")
return
# 按优先级排序：高>中>低
priority_order = {"高": 0, "中": 1, "低": 2}
sorted_todos = sorted(todos, key=lambda t: (
priority_order.get(t["priority"], 99),
t["id"]
))
print("\n{'='*40}")
print("📋 待办事项列表")
print("{'='*40}")
for t in sorted_todos:
status = "✅" if t["done"] else "⬜"
priority_mark = {"高": "🔴", "中": "🟡", "低": "🟢"}.get(t["priority"], "⚪")
print(f"{status} [{t['id']}] {priority_mark}{t['priority']} | {t['title']}")
done_count = sum(1 for t in todos if t["done"])
print(f"\n总计: {len(todos)}项, 已完成: {done_count}项")
def complete_todo(todos, todo_id):
"""标记完成"""
for t in todos:
if t["id"] == todo_id:
t["done"] = True
save_todos(todos)
print(f"✅ 已完成: {t['title']}")
return
print("❌ 未找到该事项")
def delete_todo(todos, todo_id):
"""删除事项"""
for i, t in enumerate(todos):
if t["id"] == todo_id:
removed = todos.pop(i)
save_todos(todos)
print(f"🗑️ 已删除: {removed['title']}")
return
print("❌ 未找到该事项")
# === 交互层：主循环 ===
def main():
todos = load_todos()
print("📌 待办事项管理器")
while True:
print("\n操作: 1.添加 2.查看 3.完成 4.删除 5.退出")
choice = input(">>> ").strip()
if choice == "1":
title = input("事项标题: ").strip()
if not title:
print("标题不能为空")
continue
priority = input("优先级(高/中/低, 默认中): ").strip() or "中"
if priority not in ("高", "中", "低"):
priority = "中"
add_todo(todos, title, priority)
elif choice == "2":
list_todos(todos)
elif choice == "3":
list_todos(todos)
try:
todo_id = int(input("完成事项ID: "))
complete_todo(todos, todo_id)
except ValueError:
print("请输入有效数字")
elif choice == "4":
list_todos(todos)
try:
todo_id = int(input("删除事项ID: "))
delete_todo(todos, todo_id)
except ValueError:
print("请输入有效数字")
elif choice == "5":
print("再见！")
break
else:
print("无效选择")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
"""
学生成绩管理系统 (OOP版)
综合运用：类、继承、魔术方法、文件操作、异常处理
"""
import json
import os
# === Student类 ===
class Student:
def __init__(self, student_id, name):
self.student_id = student_id
self.name = name
self.scores = {} # {科目: 分数}
def add_score(self, subject, score):
if not (0 <= score <= 100):
raise ValueError(f"分数必须在0-100之间，输入了{score}")
self.scores[subject] = score
@property
def average(self):
if not self.scores:
return 0
return sum(self.scores.values()) / len(self.scores)
@property
def grade(self):
avg = self.average
if avg >= 90: return "A"
elif avg >= 80: return "B"
elif avg >= 70: return "C"
elif avg >= 60: return "D"
else: return "F"
def to_dict(self):
return {
"student_id": self.student_id,
"name": self.name,
"scores": self.scores
}
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, data):
s = cls(data["student_id"], data["name"])
s.scores = data["scores"]
return s
def __str__(self):
scores_str = ", ".join(f"{k}:{v}" for k, v in self.scores.items())
return f"[{self.student_id}] {self.name} | {scores_str} | 均:{self.average:.1f}({self.grade})"
# === Classroom类 ===
class Classroom:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.students = {} # {student_id: Student}
def add_student(self, student):
if student.student_id in self.students:
print(f"学号{student.student_id}已存在")
return False
self.students[student.student_id] = student
return True
def get_student(self, student_id):
return self.students.get(student_id)
def remove_student(self, student_id):
if student_id in self.students:
del self.students[student_id]
return True
return False
def list_students(self, sort_by="average"):
students = list(self.students.values())
if sort_by == "average":
students.sort(key=lambda s: s.average, reverse=True)
elif sort_by == "id":
students.sort(key=lambda s: s.student_id)
return students
def class_stats(self):
if not self.students:
return "班级为空"
averages = [s.average for s in self.students.values()]
return {
"人数": len(averages),
"最高分": max(averages),
"最低分": min(averages),
"平均分": sum(averages) / len(averages),
"及格率": sum(1 for a in averages if a >= 60) / len(averages)
}
def __len__(self):
return len(self.students)
def __str__(self):
return f"班级[{self.name}] - {len(self)}人"
# === GradeSystem类 (主控) ===
class GradeSystem:
DATA_FILE = "grade_system.json"
def __init__(self):
self.classrooms = {} # {班级名: Classroom}
def add_classroom(self, name):
if name not in self.classrooms:
self.classrooms[name] = Classroom(name)
print(f"创建班级: {name}")
def save(self):
data = {}
for name, classroom in self.classrooms.items():
data[name] = [s.to_dict() for s in classroom.students.values()]
with open(self.DATA_FILE, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
def load(self):
if not os.path.exists(self.DATA_FILE):
return
try:
with open(self.DATA_FILE, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = json.load(f)
for class_name, students in data.items():
self.add_classroom(class_name)
for s_data in students:
s = Student.from_dict(s_data)
self.classrooms[class_name].add_student(s)
except Exception as e:
print(f"加载数据失败: {e}")
def run(self):
self.load()
print("🎓 学生成绩管理系统")
while True:
print("\n1.选班级 2.添加学生 3.录成绩 4.查看排名 5.班级统计 6.保存退出")
choice = input(">>> ").strip()
if choice == "1":
name = input("班级名(新建或选择): ").strip()
self.add_classroom(name)
print(f"当前班级: {name}")
elif choice == "2":
class_name = input("班级: ").strip()
if class_name not in self.classrooms:
print("班级不存在")
continue
sid = input("学号: ").strip()
name = input("姓名: ").strip()
if self.classrooms[class_name].add_student(Student(sid, name)):
print(f"添加成功: {name}")
elif choice == "3":
class_name = input("班级: ").strip()
sid = input("学号: ").strip()
classroom = self.classrooms.get(class_name)
if not classroom:
print("班级不存在"); continue
student = classroom.get_student(sid)
if not student:
print("学生不存在"); continue
subject = input("科目: ").strip()
try:
score = float(input("分数: "))
student.add_score(subject, score)
print(f"已录入: {subject} = {score}")
except ValueError as e:
print(f"错误: {e}")
elif choice == "4":
class_name = input("班级: ").strip()
classroom = self.classrooms.get(class_name)
if not classroom:
print("班级不存在"); continue
print(f"\n{classroom} — 成绩排名")
for rank, s in enumerate(classroom.list_students(), 1):
print(f" 第{rank}名 {s}")
elif choice == "5":
class_name = input("班级: ").strip()
classroom = self.classrooms.get(class_name)
if not classroom:
print("班级不存在"); continue
stats = classroom.class_stats()
print(f"\n📊 {classroom} 统计:")
for k, v in stats.items():
if isinstance(v, float):
print(f" {k}: {v:.1%}" if "率" in k else f" {k}: {v:.1f}")
else:
print(f" {k}: {v}")
elif choice == "6":
self.save()
print("💾 已保存，再见！")
break
else:
print("无效选择")
if __name__ == "__main__":
GradeSystem().run()
"""
文本数据分析工具
综合运用：字符串操作、正则、Counter、文件读写、OOP、异常处理
"""
import re
import json
from collections import Counter
from datetime import datetime
class TextAnalyzer:
"""文本分析器"""
def __init__(self, text):
self.text = text
self._results = {}
@classmethod
def from_file(cls, filepath):
"""从文件创建分析器"""
try:
with open(filepath, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
return cls(f.read())
except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"文件不存在: {filepath}")
return None
except Exception as e:
print(f"读取失败: {e}")
return None
@classmethod
def from_input(cls):
"""从用户输入创建"""
print("输入文本（空行结束）:")
lines = []
while True:
line = input()
if not line:
break
lines.append(line)
return cls("\n".join(lines))
def analyze(self):
"""执行完整分析"""
text = self.text
# 基础统计
lines = text.splitlines()
chars = len(text)
chars_no_space = len(text.replace(" ", "").replace("\n", ""))
# 提取英文单词
english_words = re.findall(rr'[a-zA-Z]+', text.lower())
# 提取中文字符
chinese_chars = re.findall(rr'[\u4e00-\u9fff]', text)
# 词频统计
word_freq = Counter(english_words)
char_freq = Counter(chinese_chars)
# 平均词长
avg_word_len = sum(len(w) for w in english_words) / len(english_words) if english_words else 0
self._results = {
"总行数": len(lines),
"总字符数": chars,
"无空格字符数": chars_no_space,
"英文单词数": len(english_words),
"中文字符数": len(chinese_chars),
"平均词长": round(avg_word_len, 2),
"英文词频Top10": word_freq.most_common(10),
"中文字频Top10": char_freq.most_common(10),
}
return self
def display(self):
"""显示分析结果"""
r = self._results
print("\n📊 文本分析报告")
print("=" * 40)
print(f"总行数: {r['总行数']}")
print(f"总字符数: {r['总字符数']}")
print(f"无空格字符数: {r['无空格字符数']}")
print(f"英文单词数: {r['英文单词数']}")
print(f"中文字符数: {r['中文字符数']}")
print(f"平均词长: {r['平均词长']}")
print(f"\n🔤 英文词频 Top 10:")
for word, count in r["英文词频Top10"]:
bar = "█" * min(count, 30)
print(f" {word:15s} {count:3d} {bar}")
print(f"\n🀄 中文字频 Top 10:")
for char, count in r["中文字频Top10"]:
print(f" '{char}' {count}次")
def save_report(self, filename=None):
"""保存分析报告"""
if filename is None:
timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
filename = f"report_{timestamp}.json"
report = {
"分析时间": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
"分析结果": self._results
}
with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
json.dump(report, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
print(f"\n💾 报告已保存: {filename}")
# === 主程序 ===
def main():
print("📖 文本数据分析工具")
print("1.分析文件 2.分析输入文本")
choice = input("选择: ").strip()
analyzer = None
if choice == "1":
filepath = input("文件路径: ").strip()
analyzer = TextAnalyzer.from_file(filepath)
elif choice == "2":
analyzer = TextAnalyzer.from_input()
if analyzer is None:
print("没有可分析的文本")
return
analyzer.analyze().display()
save = input("\n保存报告? (y/n): ").strip().lower()
if save == "y":
analyzer.save_report()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
| 天数 | 主题 | 核心概念 | 第一性原理 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | 数据基础 | 变量、int/float/str/bool、运算符、输入输出 | 程序=数据+操作，变量是数据的标签 |
| Day 2 | 控制流 | if/elif/else、for、while、break/continue | 程序需要"判断"和"重复" |
| Day 3 | 数据结构 | list、tuple、dict、set、嵌套结构 | 不同的容器组织不同的数据 |
| Day 4 | 函数 | def、参数、返回值、作用域、lambda、递归 | 把重复逻辑封装成可复用单元 |
| Day 5 | 面向对象 | 类、对象、继承、多态、封装、魔术方法 | 把数据+动作打包成整体 |
| Day 6 | 文件/异常/模块 | 文件读写、try/except、import、标准库 | 与外部世界交互 |
| Day 7 | 实战项目 | 3个项目综合运用 | 把零件组装成机器 |